-ed.[过去分词作定语] == 1)filled with;having the characteristics of. 2)done by
spirited(heated) argument 热烈的讨论
honeyed word 甜言蜜语
distracted 心情纷乱

-ee. n. == one who receives
testee 考生，被测验者
trainee 运动员，受训练的人
payee 受款人

-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. == doer;device for
fighter 战士，战斗机
radar 雷达
pioneer 先锋队员

-ic/ical. a. == relating to;resembling
scenic 风景的
geometric 几何的
geographical 地理

-ess/ine. n. == female
actress 女演员
heroine 女英雄
mayoress 女市长

-ful. a. == full of
handful 一把，一撮
mouthful 一口
cupful 一满杯

-fy. v. == make;reinforce
intensify 强化，加强
purify 净化
clarify 澄清

-hood. n. == condition;state
childhood 儿童期
brotherhood 手足之情
bachelorhood 独身生活

-ile. a. == likely to be
hostile 敌意的
fragile 易碎的
versatile 多才多艺的

-ility. n. == quality of
feasibility 可行的
servility 奴性，卑屈
mobility 易动的

-ing. a. == having the quality of
disturbing 令人不安的
surprising 令人吃惊的
encouraging 振奋人心的

-ion/ation. n. == action of;process of
indication 指示
relaxation 放松
perfection 完美无缺

-ish. a. == having the quality of
childish 幼稚的
bookish 书生气的
devilish 魔鬼似的

-ism. n. == doctrine;belief
capitalism 资本主义
adventurism 冒险主义
opportunism 机会主义

-ist. n. == 1)believer in. 2)expert of
romanticist 浪漫主义作家
economist 经济学家
nationalist 民族主义者

-istic. a. == full of
realistic 现实的
artistic 艺术的
humanistic 人道的

-ive. a. == inclined to;having the quality of
instructive 有教育意义的
offensive 进攻性的
constructive 建设性的

-ize. v. == make or cause to become
realize 实现
organize 组织
popularize 普及，

finalize 使...了结
economize 节省，节约
industrialize 工业化

-less. a. == without
jobless 失业的
tireless 不倦的
countless 数不清的

-let. n. == little
booklet 小册子
townlet 小镇
houselet 小房子

-like. a. == having the quality of
childlike 孩子般的
warlike 好战的
businesslike 事务式

-logy/-ology. n. == study of
sociology 社会学
ecology 生态学
methodology 方法论

-ment. n. == 1)result of. 2)agency of. 3)state of
improvement 改良，进步
government 政府
disappointment 失望

-ness. n. == condition or quality of being
eagerness 渴望
carelessness 粗心
emptiness 空洞，空虚

-ous/-ious. a. having the quality of
famous 著名的
advantageous 有优势的，有利的
mysterious 神秘的

-ship. n. == state of
friendship 友谊
partnership 合作伙伴
fellowship 交情，伙伴关系

-some. a. == full of
burdensome 累赘的，沉重的
troublesome 麻烦的
laboursome 费力的

-ty. n. == condition of being
security 保险
safety 安全
loyalty 忠诚

-ure. n. == 1)act or fact of. 2)result of being
culture 培养
failure 失败
closure 圈地

-y. a. == full of
clumsy 笨拙的
tricky 狡猾的

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