RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry, has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from being used during “ 4 ” stages of flight, 5 take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are 6 to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

　　 The difficulty is 7 how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which 8 those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.

　　 The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable（易受损的）to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation 9 . As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too 10 .

　　A) definite

　　B) incidents

　　C) effects

　　D) remains

　　E) critical

　　F) particularly

　　G) reluctant

　　H) refreshing

　　I) portable

　　J) enormous

　　K) predicting

　　L) liberal

　　M) affects

　　N) equipment

　　O) loud

　　四、改错

　　Most people work to earn a living and they

　　produce goods and services. Goods are either

　　agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like

　　cars). Services are such things like education, 1._________

　　medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2.__________

　　goods; some provide services. Other people provide

　　both goods or services. For example, in the same 3.__________

　　garage a man may buy a car or some service which

　　helps him maintain his car.

　　The work people do is called as economic 4.__________

　　activity. All economic activities taken together make

　　up the economic system of a town, a city, a country,

　　or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5.__________

　　of what people do and what they want. The work

　　people do either provides what they need or provides

　　the money with that they can buy essential 6.__________

　　commodities. Of course, most people hope to have

　　enough money to buy commodities and services which

　　are essential but which provide some particular 7. __________

　　personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. __________

　　the cinema, and books.

　　The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. __________

　　of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday

　　lives and the general life of our communities in order

　　to understand the whole economic system of which we

　　are a part. They try to describe the facts of the

　　economy in which we live, and to explain how it

　　works. The economist methods should of course be 10. __________

　　strictly objective and scientific.

　　五、短问

　　 In 1749, Benjamin Franklin wrote “Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania”. This article served as a basis for the academy that he founded. The academy was a private secondary school, which offered a practical curriculum that included a variety of subjects and useful skills. English grammar, classic, composition, rhetoric(修辞学), and public speaking were to be the chief language studies rather than Latin and Greek. Students could also choose a second language based on their vocational interests. For example, prospective clergyman might study Latin and Greek; physicians could choose Latin, Greek, and French; businessmen might elect French, German, and Spanish. Mathematics was to be taught for its practical application to book-keeping rather than as an abstract intellectual exercise. History would be the chief ethical(伦理的) study. By studying biographies of great men, students were to learn moral and ethical principles. Franklin’s curricular proposal was especially noteworthy because it brought many practical skills into the formal school that so far had been ignored. They included carpentry, ship-building, engraving, printing, painting, cabinetmaking, farming, and carving. With a prophetic(先知的) insight into the course of civilization and education, Franklin suggested that special attention be given to science, invention, and technology.

　　 By the mid-nineteenth century, there were many academies functioning throughout the nation, especially at the secondary level. These academies offered a wide variety of curricula and courses, ranging from traditional Latin and Greek to very practical and utilitarian(实用的) studies. The late nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw the emergence of high school and the junior high or middle school, which incorporated utilitarianism, vocationalism, and commercialism, such as Franklin had recommended in his proposals of the mid-eighteenth century.

　　Questions:

　　1. Why did Franklin write “Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania”?

　　________________________________________________________

　　2. What did the chief language studies exclude?

　　_______________________________________________________

　　3. What was the main purpose of the ethical study?

　　_______________________________________________________

　　4. Which word in the first paragraph could be used to describe the curriculum offered at the academy?

　　_______________________________________________________

　　5. What did the formal school overlook?

　　_______________________________________________________

　　六、翻译

　　1. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back _______________________________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).

　　2. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and ___________________________ (超过250万的家庭已经摆脱贫困).

　　3. _____________________________________________ (除主席之外的所有董事会成员都投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs.

　　4. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are ________________ (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).

　　5. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before._____________________________________________(发达国家尤为如此).　　

　　参考答案

　　一、快速阅读

　　1. N

　　2. N

　　3. Y

　　4. Y

　　5. NG

　　6. NG

　　7. Y

　　8. 95%

　　9. 10-20 beats

　　10. chemical messengers

　　二、长对话

　　Conversation 1

　　答案：CCBA

　　原文：

　　W: Ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. Are there any comments about it?

　　M: Well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there was so much going on in bones. I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.

　　W: Well, that’s an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.

　　M: Right. That’s one of the things I found so fascinating about the article the way the bones repair themselves.

　　W: Ok. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves?

　　M: Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. This group of cells produce the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. After that the second group of specialized cells comes and produces the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.

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