SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［10 min.］
In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
31The purpose of this passage is to.
A.tell the truth that the world is dual
B.analyze the fact that the world is dual
C.inform people of that the world is dual
D.warn people against long-time mismanagement
Now read the text quickly and answer question 31.
Completeness
Polarity，or action and reaction，we meet in every part of nature：in darkness and light；in heat and cold；in the ebb and flow of waters；in male and female；in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals；in the systole and diastole of the heart；in the undulations of fluids，and of sound；in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity；in electricity，galvanism，and chemical affinity.Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle；the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end.If the south attracts，the north repels.To empty here，you must condense these.As inevitable dualism bisects nature，so that each thing is a half，and suggests another thing to make it whole：as spirit，matter；man，woman；subjective，objective；in，out；upper，under；motion，rest；yea，nay.
Whilst the world is thus dual，so is every one of its parts.The entire system of things gets represented in every particle.There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea，day and night，man and woman，in a single needle of the pine，in a kernel of corn，in each individual of every animal tribe.The reaction so grand in the elements is repeated within these small boundaries.For example，in the animal kingdom，the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites，but a certain compensation blances every gift and every defect.A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature.If the head and neck are enlarged，the trunk and extremities are cut short.
The theory of the mechanic forces is another example.What we gain in power is lost in time；and the converse.The periodic or compensating errors of the planets is another instance.The influences of climate and soil in political history are another.The cold climate invigorates.The barren soil does not breed fever，crocodiles，tigers，or scorpions.
The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man.Every excess causes a defect；every defect an excess.Every sweet hath its sour；every evil its good.Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse.It is to answer for its moderation with its life.For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly.For everything you have missed，you have gained something else；and for everything you gain，you lose something.If riches increase，they are increased that use them.If the gatherer gathers too much，nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest；swells the estate，but kills the owner.Nature hates monopolies and exceptions.
Things refuse to be mismanaged long.Though no checks to a new evil appear，the checks exist and will appear.If the government is cruel，the governor's life is not safe.If you tax too high，the revenue will yield nothing.If you make the criminal code sanguinary juries will not convict.Nothing arbitrary， nothing artificial can endure.
TEXT H
First read the following question.
32The general tone of this letter is____.
A.encouraging B.arbitrary C.imposing D.exaggerate
Now read the text quickly and answer question 32.
Isleworth， Sep.19，1739
My Dear child，—I am very well pleased with your last letter.The writing was very good，and the promise you make exceedingly fine.You must keep it，for an honest man never breaks his word.You engage to retain the instructions which I give you.That is suffcient，for though you do not properly comprehend them at present，age and reflection will，in time，make you understand them.
With respect to the contents of your letter，I believe you have had proper assistance；indeed，I do not as yet expect that you can write a letter without help.You ought，however，to try，for nothing is more requisite than to write a good letter.Nothing in fact is more easy.Most persons，who write will，do so because they aim at writing better than they can，by which means they acquire a formal and unnatural style.Whereas，to write well，we must write easily anmd naturally.For instance，if you want to write a letter to me，you should only consider what you would say if you were with me，and then write it in plain terms，just as if you were conversing.I will suppose，then，that you sit down to write to me unassisted，and I imagine your letter would probably be much in these words：
My dear Papa：I have been at Mr.Maittaire's this morning，where I have translated English into Latin and Latin into English，and，so well that at the end of my exercise he has written optime. I have likewise repeated a Greek verb，and pretty well.After this I ran home，like a little wild boy，and kplayed till dinner-time.This became a serious task，for I ate like a wolf，and by that you judge that I am in very good health.Adieu.
Well，sir， the above is a good letter，and yet very easily written，because it is exceedingly natural.Endeavour then sometimes to write to me of yourself，without minding either the beauty of the writing or the straightness of the lines.Take as little trouble as possible.By that means you will by degrees use yourself to write perfectly well，and with ease.Adieu.Come to me tomorrow at twelve，or Friday morning at eight o'clock.
by Philip Dormer Stanhop Chesterfield
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